孫中山「平均地權」的觀念根源探索： 以歐美的學術理論與日本同好 具體實踐之間的互動為中心

The Origin of Sun Yat-sen’s “Equalization of Land Rights” Policy: The Influences from the EuroAmerican Theories and the Active Interactions with Japanese Comrades

「平均地權」可說是「民生主義」最核心的概念。然此一核心概念在早年孫中山從事反清革命事業時，卻是最易遭同志非議及消極抵制之處。有鑒於此，本文首先探討孫中山土地政策的形成過程以及他的理論基礎。特別是他如何師承亞當．斯密（AdamSmith）、達爾文（CharlesRobertDarwin）、馬克思（KarlMarx）、亨利．喬治（HenryGeorge）等人的經濟論述以及參考德國在膠州灣的土地政策為線索，解析他在「平均地權」政策上的承先啟後與獨特創新之處。其次，再聚焦於他與日本友人宮崎民藏的交流，藉此釐清「民生主義」在建構過程中，為何「平均地權」或是「漲價歸公」等眾多「民生主義」的重要核心概念，皆是在日本發表的來龍去脈。尤其是宮崎民藏在日本所推動的「土地復權運動」對孫中山的「平均地權」理念漸次形塑過程所扮演的特殊角色。

The “Equalization of Land Rights” is the core concept of the “Principal of Minsheng”. However, this core concept encountered opposition and passive resistance from the comrades in the early years during Sun Yat-sen’s revolution. This article will first explore the formation of Sun Yat-sen’s land policy and his theoretical foundation. Especially focusing on the economic theory and the foreign case studies he previously encountered to analyze the innovation of his “Equalization of Land Rights” policy. In addition, it focuses on the exchange between Sun Yat-sen and Mizayaki Tamizou to clarify why many core concepts such as the “Equalization of Land Rights” and the “Land Value Increment to the Public” were all published in Japan during the construction of the “Principal of Minsheng”