「槁木」與「輕身」：《莊子》注疏、詩人具身認知、醫家辨證的跨 界討論

“Withered Tree” and “Lightness of Body”: An Interdisciplinary Discussion of Zhuangzi Commentaries, the Poet's Embodied Cognition, and the Dialectical Diagnosis of the School of Physicians

民國以降，華人學界《莊子》研究多聚焦於心性論，將身體描述視為心靈論述的取譬。日本學界雖肯定《莊子》書中蘊含身體技術，卻未涉及具體樣貌、操作方法。面對人間世中種種患害，莊子提出「形如槁木」與「心如死灰」為其解方與生命追求。然而「形如槁木」體現的身體情狀是何等模樣？又需透過什麼樣的身體技術才能臻至？本文採專家與生手研究進路，首先由《莊子》文本與歷代注疏，確認書中身、心技術的存在。歷代注疏雖隱然顯示「形如槁木」作為身體技術的可能，卻難據以建構具體工夫措施。因此本研究兼採歷代詩人讀《莊》觀點暨「形如槁木」相關體會，並辨析與道家思想素有「同源」之稱的醫家文本所述之身輕與重，探究《莊子》「形如槁木」此一象徵，是如何為後世所理解、實踐操作，如何開展出為歷代詩人所體會、書寫並深植於傳統醫學論述中的「輕身」身體感與修鍊工夫傳統。倘「形如槁木」的體會與技術是與傳統醫學、詩歌交織延展、相互影響，係屬一本同株、根深蔭濃之「輕身」傳統的大樹。則一旦將這些維管束彌縫整合，許能更詳實地掌握「輕身」思想究竟為何（knowingwhat），並使具體操作（knowinghow）莊子身體技術與心性工夫的每一環節成為可能。

Much of Chinese scholarship on Zhuangzi since 1912 has been based upon an idealist framework, regarding the body as a metaphor for a theory of mind and spirit. This essay, however, argues that techniques of both body and mind exist in Zhuangzi, and examines Zhuangzi in light of the School of Physicians tradition of “lightness of body.” Viewed together with traditional Chinese medicine and poetry, the technique of “the body like a withered tree” lets us better grasp “knowing what” such thinking of “lightness/forgetting/loss of body” consist of, and “knowing how” to implement the mental and bodily techniques of Zhuangzi.