抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌與防治策略

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Control Strategies

抗藥性金黃色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA）是醫療照護感染重要的致病菌之一，隨著環境的變遷和抗生素的廣泛使用等因素引發抗藥性菌株的產生。由於MRSA可移生於人體不同部位，包括鼻腔內及皮膚上，故MRSA帶菌者常常是造成此菌傳播之主要途徑。在醫院，健康照護工作人員亦可能因照護帶此菌或被此菌感染之病人，再經由直接或間接接觸或由醫療物品將MRSA傳給其他病人，使得病人住院天數延長，增加醫療照護成本，甚至導致死亡，MRSA一旦爆發容易造成醫院群突發之發生，已成為醫療照護重要的議題；其預防之主要方法為避免感染、早期偵測發現感染或菌落群聚之病人，適當使用抗生素以及防止病人與環境之間相互傳播，是降低醫療照護感染MRSA的重要策略。

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a primary pathogen cause of patient infection during hospitalization. Environmental changes and the overuse of antibiotics have promoted the drug resistance of this pathogen. MRSA can invade various parts of the body, including the nose and skin, and carriers often cause it to spread. In the hospital, caregivers may become carriers while taking care of patients infected with MRSA and then transmitting the pathogen directly or indirectly to other patients through direct patient contact or through shared medical devices. As a result, patients may face prolonged hospitalization or even death. Medical expenses increase as a result also. Therefore, MRSA infection is today an important issue in standard hospitalized care, as outbreaks have already occurred in hospitals. MRSA transmission prevention measures include avoiding contamination and detecting infected patients early. Using antibiotics appropriately to decrease inter-patient contamination is key to reducing the incidence of MRSA infection in the hospital.