靈性安適之概念分析

Spiritual Well-Being: A Concept Analysis

整體人的觀念應包含身體、心理、社會及靈性四個層面。但病患的靈性安適經常被忽略，導因於護理人員對靈性安適認知不足，及缺乏臨床可依循的靈性照護模式。本文以Walker及Avant（2005）提出的步驟，進行靈性安適的概念分析。先確立欲分析的概念，並廣泛的查考此概念定義，確定此概念的鑑定性特徵，並以模範案例、邊緣案例及相反案例說明此概念，確認此概念的前提及後果，列出實證性的參考題裁。經分析顯示靈性安適的鑑定性特徵為：(1)主觀認為具有幸福感；(2)肯定自我存在的價值；(3)能以接納的態度面對其所有的關係；(4)擁有內在的資源能量。希望藉此概念分析，強化靈性安適的整體概念，進而運用於護理實務中。

In the context of holistic care, the definition of “unitary human being” incorporates the physical, psychological, social and spiritual. However, patient spiritual well-being is often neglected by nurses. Part of the reason for this is that a majority of clinical nurses have not had adequate training or practical guidance on spiritual caring methods. This paper applied the methodology outlined by Walker and Avant (2005) to analyze the concept of spiritual well-being. Analytical procedures used included a literature review of conceptual definitions of spiritual well-being and identification of defining attributes. We then developed a concept of spiritual well-being by referencing borderline and contrary cases identified in the constructed model and identified antecedents and consequences. Empirical referents were also outlined. Results show the defining attributes of spiritual well-being to be: (1) having a subjective feeling of happiness; (2) Affirming the self worth; (3) managing interpersonal relationships with an open, accepting attitude; and (4) possessing an internal “energy”. This analysis is hoped to enhance nurse understanding of spiritual well-being in order to utilize the concept in their professional practice.