社區銀髮志工從事志願服務活動之動機與機會研究：以長庚養生文化村為例

The Motivations and Opportunities for the Elder People's Voluntary Activities in a Community: The Case Study of Chang Gung Health and Culture Village

隨著台灣社會變遷快速，國家發展委員會（2015）推估我國於2018年時，老年人口將會超過14%，進入高齡社會，高齡化問題日益嚴重。因應高齡社會的到來，鼓勵老人參與志願服務活動，以達活躍老化及提高其社會參與能量，勢必成為重要的議題。衛生福利部於歷年的「老人狀況調查報告」（2004，2009，2014）發現，老人日常社會參與活動中，志願服務比例雖然逐年增加，然而，與其他活動的相較，比例仍然偏低。故此，本研究欲探討社區老人從事志願服務的參與動機及影響因素，藉由深度訪談法在銀髮社區—長庚養生文化村中，蒐集訪談樣本8位。本研究的主要發現包括：首先，關於銀髮族志工從事志願服務活動的動機與機會，國內尚缺乏相關的老人社會學理論的解釋及分析，本研究採用了社會交換理論觀點的分析，彌補了目前這部分的空白；第二，本研究發現，社區銀髮族志工從事志願服務活動，不僅需要內在動機，也需要外在機會的提供。第三，銀髮族從事志願服務的決定時，即已經過「社會交換」的內在計算歷程，即當內在動機與外在機會能相互合致時，志願服務行動方能產生。本研究作者建議未來可透過問卷設計，進行量化資料的蒐集，以進一步檢證社會交換理論，對社區銀髮志工的志願服務行為解釋。

In Taiwan, the elder people is increasing and it is expected to surpass 14% in 2018 (National Development Council, 2015). In aged society, encouraging the elder people to involve voluntary services is an important strategy, which is beneficial to their active aging and social participation, becomes a pivotal issue. According to Ministry of Health and Welfare's survey (2004, 2009, 2014), the percentage of elder people engaging in voluntary services was increasing continually, however, it still takes a relatively minor part in their social activities. In this research, we interviewed 8 elder people to explore their inward motivations and outward factors impacting their voluntary services. The finding in this research is that we explore the relationship between inward motivation and outward factors that influences the elder people who participate in voluntary services at Chang Gung Health and Culture Village in Taiwan.