詩歌作品中黏著語素的自由用法

Free Usage of Bound Morphemes in Chinese Poetic Language

詩歌作品中，很多黏著語素可以無需借助任何通常所必須的語法手段而自由使用。這顯然違反了現代漢語黏著語素只能構詞、不能自由充當句法成分的規則。本研究表明，這些黏著語素在句子層面的運用會受到多種限制：只能進入同語類常規詞的典型句法位置，入句後不能參與相關句法操作，也無法獨立成句。語法理論上，只有經過「中心語素原則」和「句法屬性一致原則」篩選的黏著語素才能跳過詞法運算直接進入句法層面。而詩歌的韻律要求、詩歌語言的「陌生化」審美追求以及詩歌文體典雅特徵的要求則是促使黏著語素在詩歌中自由使用的三個動因。詩歌這一「語言特區」給詩人提供了一個可以突破常規語言規則的語言運用平台。這種突破看似隨意偶然，實際上也會受到多種原則的制約。

In Chinese poetic language, many bound morphemes may be used freely as independent words, which is obviously a violation of a well-known rule that specifies the function of bound morphemes as word-formation units rather than as syntactic constituents. It has been demonstrated in this article that free usage of bound morphemes is subject to various restrictions: the morphemes can only carry on the those typical syntactic functions but not non-typical functions of the original words from which they are derived by reduction; they cannot undergo the syntactic operations that the original words often undergo; those morphemes cannot be used independently as answers to questions, and only the head morpheme in a compound word can be used freely. It has also been argued that such three factors as prosodic requirement, de-familiarization pursuit of poetic language, and the stylistic elegancy attendance of poems together may account for the innovative exception of free usage of bound morphemes in poetic language as one of three type of ‘special linguistic zone’.