阿美語疑問詞研究

Wh-interrogatives in Amis

本文以過去的南島語疑問詞研究為基礎，從普遍語法的角度，來剖析阿美語疑問詞的句法表現。研究重心在探討阿美語為「疑問詞移位」或「疑問詞在位」之語言。從阿美語疑問詞的句法分布上，我們發現嚴格地用詞類來作疑問詞分類，恐怕無法完全釐清所有的分布；我們主張用兼具詞法、句法及語意的「功能」取向分類來取代「詞性」分類，以確立各類疑問詞的句法位置。除了孤島效應之重新檢驗外，在調查分析中，還加入疑問分裂句、主語優勢原則與多項疑問句、無定用法以及疑問句助詞之討論，其結果均指向阿美語為「疑問詞在位」之語言。最後，從「疑問詞在位」的角度，延伸探討阿美語的切割結構，發現阿美語因「疑問詞在位」的特性，其疑問詞早已基底衍生於句首謂語位置，之後再經由刪略產生切割結構；由此推論，阿美語切割結構有別於漢語與英語。

On the basis of past studies on Austronesian interrogatives, this paper attempts to investigate interrogatives in Amis from the perspective of Universal Grammar, with a focus on clarifying the wh-in-situ/wh-movement parameter in this language. Ensuring that strict grammatical categorization fails to describe the Amis interrogatives correctly, we propose that the investigation of Amis interrogatives should start from an analysis of their grammatical functions by taking into account morphological, syntactic, and semantic factors. The wh-in-situ parameter of Amis wh-words is obtained after scrutizing various correlative phenomena, such as the island effect, the wh-cleft, the interaction between the subject-sensitivity principle and the multiple wh-words, indefinite use and question particles. Eventually, given the wh-in-situ parameter, we further propose that Amis sluicing comes from two crucial factors: the initial wh-in-situ predicative wh-word and the deletion of the constituents behind the wh-remnants, both of which typologically differentiate the sluicing of Amis from those of English and Mandarin.