分配算子“各”及相關問題

The Distributive Operator Ge and Some Related Issues

本文在林宗宏(1998)的基礎上對副詞“各＂(“each”)的語義進行探討。我們同意把“各＂看成分配算子，但認為配對函項是把分類關鍵詞和整個分配成分，而不僅僅是和分配成分的量進行配對。林提出的外延性要求和無定（准）賓語要求都不是“各＂字句合語法的必要條件。我們假設“各＂需要一個受存在量化算子約束的無定短語來幫助實現配對，且該短語不一定是賓語。“各＂要求分類關鍵詞指稱的是非空複數性集合，內涵性和外延性的都可以。“各＂字句的基本結構是“各＂在某個句法層次上出現在分類關鍵詞和分配成分之間。

This paper investigates the semantics of the adverbial ge based on Lin (1998). Although we agree with Lin that ge should be treated as a distributor, our analysis is different from his in the following aspects. First, the pairing function is from the sorting key to the whole distributive share not just to the quantity indicated by the distributive share. Second, neither the indefinite (semi)object requirement nor the extensionality restriction is necessary for ge-sentences. We argue that there should be an existentially bound indefinite NP to help realize the pairing function. Moreover, ge requires the sorting key to denote an non-empty set with a cardinality larger than 1, no matter whether it is intensional or extensional. Third, the basic structure of a ge-sentence is that ge appears between the sorting key and the distributive share at some point in the derivation.