草登嘉戎語的關係句

Relative Clauses in Caodeng rGyalrong

川西嘉戎語屬於藏緬語族，素以語音保守，形態豐富著稱。本文以草登方言為例，首度深入探討嘉戎語的關係句構造。嘉戎語關係句牽涉參數多，形式變化豐富，用法有嚴格限制。關係句主要以名物化結構為基礎，區分為非限定與限定二類，其中限定關係句再分名物化與非名物化二小類。影響關係結構最主要之因素為句法關係，牽涉的層面包括關係句動詞形態以及關係句型。然而限定、非限定兩種主要關係句型之選擇，與句法地位（核心論元vs.周邊參與者）、動詞語意（泛陳敘述）、語用（正向vs.反向）因素均有關係。同時，非限定關係句名物化前綴之分布亦須取決於語意角色。草登嘉戎語關係句的結構受到句法、非句法條件共同的制約，若要對其獲得充分了解，必須全面考量各種句法及功能因素。

rGyalrong, a Tibeto-Burman language of western Sichuan, has long been noted for its conservative phonology and elaborate morphosyntax. This article attempts for the first time to provide a thorough survey of rGyalrong relative constructions on the basis of first hand data from Caodeng, one of its major dialects. Caodeng relativization displays rich formal variation governed by strict rules of usage. Building largely on nominalized structures, Caodeng relative constructions fall into two main categories: finite and non-finite, the former comprising a nonnominalized subtype. Grammatical relations (S/A subject vs. non-subject) are found to play a critical role, affecting both Vrel morphology and construction type. On the other hand, the choice between finite and non-finite relativizing structure involves syntactic (core vs. peripheral argument status), semantic (generic vs. specific predication), as well as pragmatic (direct vs. inverse viewpoint) factors. Further, the distribution of nominalizing prefixes in nonfinite Vrel depends on semantic roles. Sensitive to non-syntactic as well as syntactic parameters, relative clause formation in Caodeng rGyalrong can be properly understood only by taking into account both structural and functional principles.