漢語的給予句式

Dative Constructions in Chinese

漢語的給予句式包括三個獨立的句式。某些動詞能在三個句式都出現，某些動詞出現在兩個句式中，還有一些動詞只出現在一個句式中。本文採用句式語法的架構來探討這三個句式的異同。在相同方面，三個句式都和轉移的概念有關，至於它們的不同，則顯現在兩個方面：轉移的範疇和賓語的論元。本文同時也探討促使動詞出現在三個，兩個，或一個句式的因素。這和動詞是否帶有轉移的基本語義有關。帶有轉移基本語義的動詞可以出現在三個句式中，而帶有轉移的引申語義的動詞只能出現在兩個或一個句式中。

There are three dative constructions in Chinese. A verb may be present in just one, in two, or in all three constructions. A pattern can be captured in the constructional approach. While the constructions all carry a sense of transfer, they differ in terms of range of transfer and argument role of the dative object or the gei object. The constructional view also provides an account of the pattern of alternation by allowing various senses of transfer to be distinguished in terms of core vs. extended. A verb expressing a core meaning of transfer participates in the three-way alternation, while a verb with an extended meaning of transfer participates in the two-way alternation, and a verb with an even further extended meaning of transfer does not participate in any alternation.