各國圖書館發展政策及補助計畫之探討（上）

National Strategies for Public Library Development-International Case Studies (I)

越來越多的研究發現，公共圖書館的角色正從消極的、娛樂性閱讀和研究機構向積極的經濟發展機構轉型。在一項由美國都市圖書館委員會委託，比爾蓋茨基金會和道奇基金會提供經費的公共圖書館對當地經濟狀況影響的研究報告顯示，城市公共圖書館由於在技術能力培養、創業活動扶持和動感宜居城市建設中發揮的作用，正推動著新經濟和下一代經濟的發展。而我們觀諸世界，重視民眾圖書資訊需求、圖書館軟硬體建設、國家經濟發展及知識競爭力的進步國家，莫不訂定推動圖書館事業發展的領航文件，指引未來發展方向，這些領航文件，包括政策、白皮書、報告書、計畫書或其他的相關文件。在社會快速變遷、經濟全球發展、數位科技和通訊傳播技術日新月異的衝擊下，一份有關圖書資訊服務的領航文件，尤其有重要的意義。新加坡、英國、芬蘭、丹麥、瑞典等國的圖書館，皆因政府訂定全國性發展計畫及策略，而有亮麗的表現。近二十年來，針對臺灣公共圖書館的發展，政府曾先後推出全國性公共圖書館發展計畫，對臺灣公共圖書館的發展有很大的影響。本文將針對國內外全國公共圖書館發展政策及計畫，作一介紹及比較，並舉例說明其影響。

More and more studies show that the role of the public library is changing from a passive research institute that focuses on reading for entertainment to an active institute that is aligned with economic development. A study on the influence of the public library on local economic development, authorized by the U. S. City Library Commission and sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, shows that with respect to the cultivation of skills and capabilities, the support for starting an enterprise, and urban constructions to enhance the mobility and livability of a city, the city public library plays an essential role that promotes the development of the new economy, the economy for the next generation. In this world, all the developed countries that pay attention to the public demand of library information, the construction of library software and hardware, as well as the economic development and the knowledge competitiveness of a given country, have devised a series of guidelines for the promotion of future library development and direction. These guidelines take the form of policy statements, white papers, reports, plans, and other related documents. With the impact of rapid changes in the development of society, global economic development, and the creative innovation of digital technology and communication systems, a set of guidelines for library information services is particularly significant. The libraries in Singapore, the United Kingdom, Finland, Denmark and Sweden have made much progress because of the national development plans and policies set up by their governments. In the past twenty years, the ROC's government has come up with several national projects concerning the development of the public library which have been of immense significance. This study will introduce and compare the policies and plans for the development of the public library in different countries and explain their influences with specific examples.