亦詩亦史：描述新加坡日佔時期的舊體詩集《血海》

Sea of Blood : A Classical-Style Chinese Poetry Collection about the Japanese Occupation in Singapore

日軍佔領新加坡之初，進行全城大檢證，屠殺了至少二萬五千名新加坡華僑。嗣後又推出連串奴化、高壓政策，新加坡人民惶恐終日，加以物資匱乏、糧食短缺，生活極為艱苦。謝松山所著的舊體詩集《血海》，以紀事手法，附以詳盡的注文，紀述了日軍在檢證大屠殺中所犯的滔天罪行，以及日佔時期的種種社會怪象和民不聊生的情況。此書在四、五十年代曾先後在三種不同的出版媒體上發表，標題亦有大幅改動。筆者試圖探索這些標題變換所蘊含的意旨，並透過對《血海》的解讀和有關的史籍、報章材料的對照，從「詩史」研究、創傷回憶的角度，審視該書所涉及的詩與史之間的關係，以及它如何勾起當時新加坡華人慘痛的集體記憶。

In the horrible Sook Ching Massacre, at least twenty-five thousand Singaporean Chinese were slaughtered. Afterward, the Japanese army administration implemented a series of highhanded measures to extort wealth and resources from the Chinese, who, with other ethnic groups, lived in extreme poverty, fear and hunger in this darkest age of Singapore history. Sea of Blood is a collection of classical-style Chinese poetry with detailed narrative notes that remembers the Sook Ching Massacre and the various social and economic vices in the Syonan years. From 1946 to 1950, the author Xie Songshan 謝松山 published the book in three different forms and also changed the title significantly. In this article, I attempt to explicate the meaning behind the title change and the traumatic collective memories of Singaporean Chinese evoked by this collection and to examine the relation between history, memories, and poetry writing by comparing the content of the book and other historical records, especially those in newspapers.