社工督導功能期待與實踐落差研究－－比較督導與被督者之觀點：以公部門家暴防治社工為例

The Gap between Ideal Social Work Supervision and Practice: Differing Supervisor and Supervisee Perspectives at Public Domestic Violence Prevention Centers

本文探討社工督導期待與實際執行之落差、督導工作執行困境、改善策略、並進一步比較督導者與被督者的觀點。研究方法選擇問卷調查，內容包括結構性Likert量表以及開放性問題，邀請具有督導制度的公部門家暴防治機構督導與社工員參與研究。被督導者問卷共郵寄發出187份，回收136份有效問卷，回收率為73％；督導者部分，共寄出33份問卷，回收21份有效問卷，回收率為64％。結果發現無論是督導者或被督者，都認為期待與實踐之間有落差，但是被督者所感受到的落差比督導者顯著，尤其是教育與支持功能部分。面對督導困境以及因應方向，從開放性問卷調查資料中發現，無論督導者或被督者都共同聚焦於四項主要議題：（1）督導人力不足（平均督導與社工比例為1：10）、工作負荷量大；（2）督導工作內容繁瑣，權責不清；（3）督導訓練不足；（4）社工員流動率高。作者建議，督導問題應該正視結構性因素，此外，從長期專業發展角度，應進一步評估社工員與督導的依賴關係是否應有期限與界線，除了可減低督導人力需求，更重要的是減輕社工員對權威的依賴，促進實踐專業自主、自我工作反思、以及承擔負責的能力。

In public domestic violence prevention centers in Taiwan, supervisors and supervisees agreed on the role and function of the social work supervisor but reported a gap between this and the workplace reality. The gap reported by supervisees was larger than that reported by supervisors. These results are based on responses to a questionnaire comprised of structured Likert scale and open ended questions. A total of 187 questionnaires for supervisees were sent and a total of 136 valid questionnaires were sent back. The respose rate was 73%. For the supervisor, a total of 33 quesionnaires were sent and 21 valid ones were received. The response rate was 64%. On the open-ended questions, supervisors and supervisees mentioned four main obstacles of social work supervision in the workplace: shortage of supervisors (one per 10 supervisees on average), overly inclusive job description, vague boundaries between supervisors and supervisees, insufficient training and high mobility of social workers. The author suggests, in addition to the current concepts of social work supervision need to be revised that in the future social workers themselves might be accorded greater autonomy and decision making capability.