小學低年級兒童急救教育成效初探——以宜蘭縣三星鄉大隱、大洲國小為例

A Study on First Aid Education Intervened 1 ST Grade and 2ND Grade students in Elementray School in Yi-Lan

本研究在探討急救教育課程介入對國小低年級學生急救教育學習之成效。採橫斷式問卷調查方式，以宜蘭縣三星鄉大隱及大洲國小低年級學生為研究對象，取得有效問卷共99份。在課程介入前，研究對象同時接受前測，藉以瞭解研究對象的背景並作為介入效果的評量基礎，在課程結束後進行後測，以瞭解課程介入產生之立即效果。所得資料以SPSS/WIN10.0套裝軟體進行分析。其研究結果顯示：
一、研究對象之基本資料：男生55人（55.6%），女生44人（44.4%）；一年級55人（55.6%），二年級44人（44.4%）；上學期至今曾受傷者有68人（68.7%），有高達91人（91.9%）未接受過急救教育課程。二、研究對象前測結果：回答正確之平均題數為4.29題，正確率最低為第9題（17.2%），「當輕微受傷時，傷口處理的原則：正確答案為（1）保持傷口清潔乾燥，但有51.5%的學生選擇（3）先消毒傷口再止血」」。正確率最高為第5題（76.8%），「燙傷處理時第一個動作是：（2）沖」。三、研究對象後測結果：回答正確之平均題數為5.6題，正確率最低為第9題（20.2%），「當輕微受傷時，傷口處理的原則，但仍有59.6%的學生選擇（3）先消毒傷口再止血」。正確率最高則為第2題（81.8%），「當發生運動傷害，應立即停止運動、立刻休息，同時在受傷部位：（3）冷敷」。四、研究對象前測結果正確率17.2%~76.8%，平均為43.14%，後測結果正確率20.2%~81.8%，平均為56.66%；正確率明顯增加，且有顯著意義（p<0.001）。五、個人基本資料之性別、年級、是否曾受傷過及是否曾接受急救教育對前測及後測並無顯著差異。本研究結果顯示急救教育課程介入，可有效提升低年級學生緊急救護的相關能力，亦可作為日後校園之安全教育計畫擬定及課程設計的參考。

The major purpose of this study was to explore effect of first aid education that was intervened 1 st and 2nd grade pupils in elementary school. This study adopted a cross sectional correlated design participant via self-reported questionnaires. The qualified 1 stand 2 nd grade pupils in two elementary schools at Yi-lan County in Taiwan in 2006 were the target population of this study, there were 99 valid samples. Pretest had been done before intervention, helped to understand participants' backgrand, as evaluated foundation of intervened effect. Posttest had been done after intervention, helped to understand this study's effect. These data were collected and analyzed by a statistical program with SPSS10.0/Windows. The main findings of this study were as follows： 1. There were 55 boys and 44 girls among 55 1 st grade and 44 2nd grade participants. 68 participants had injured experience from last semester to intervention, 91 participants had never studied first aid course. 2. An average of 4.29 subjects was correct answer in pretest. The 9th subject had a lowest correct answer rate (1 7.2%).'When the wound suffers an light injury, the principle of wound management is' (1)to keep a clean and dry wound, but have 51.5% choose (3)to disinfect the wound and then stop bleeding. The 5th subject had a highest correct answer rate (76.8%),' The first action of burn management is: (2)to flush the wound'. 3. An average of 5.6 subjects was correct answer in posttest. The 9th subject had a lowest correct answer rate (20.2%).“When the wound suffers an light injury, the principle of wound management is '(1)to keep a clean and dry wound, but still have 59.6% choose (3)to disinfect the wound and then stop bleeding. The 2nd subject had a highest correct answer rate (81.8%). 'When the sports injury happened, It should be to take a rest right away; meanwhile, how will you care the wound?(3) to take a cold compress' 4. The average rate of correct answer in pretest was 43.14%. The average rate of correct answer in posttest was 56.66%. It showed correct answer rates raised obviously, there was significantly (p<0.001). 5 The participants' basic data 'sex, grade, had injuried, had studied first aid education' in pretest and posttest all were no significantly difference. This study result showed intervention of first aid course can raised the participants' abilities of emergency care effectively and as references that draws up a campus safe education plan and designs course.