十七世紀日本江戶遺址出土貿易陶瓷器的諸問題

Problems of Trade Ceramics Excavated at the Edo site in the 17th century

2013年舉辦的第34屆日本貿易陶瓷研究集會的主題為「近世都市江戶的貿易陶瓷器」。其中江戶遺址發掘調查報告書中刊載的貿易陶瓷器，是由堀內秀樹博士監修集結而成，筆者負責其中一部分。貿易陶瓷器的生產地有中國、朝鮮王朝、琉球、東南亞、歐洲等，全體出土標本數量為4,650件。江戶於17世紀設置幕府，在以將軍為最高層大名的基礎上，由武士組成人口的半數。當初貿易陶瓷器的所有者主要為武士，大名的宅邸則是武士活動的主要舞台。報告中整理了大名宅邸的貿易陶瓷器的情況，釐清武家必要的道具與其所扮演的角色作用。同時，其道具在17世紀中期，由於中國明末清初改朝換代，中國瓷器變得難以入手，故由日本瓷器所取代。本研究企圖從中觀察中國、日本各自的陶瓷製作技術，並觸及其中有關技術交流的議題。

The 34^(th) workshop of ＂THE STUDIES ORIENTAL TRADE CERAMICS ＂was held in 2013. The theme was about ＂early modern city Edo excavated trade ceramics＂. Dr.Hideki Horiuchi was assembled about trade ceramics that have been published in the archaeological survey report. I was also responsible for the part of that. The producting areas of trade ceramics were China, Korea, Ryukyu, Southeast Asia and Europe. The number of assembled ceramics were 4,650. Edo Shogunate was opened in the 17 century, commanded by Shogun(将軍) as top of people, and was base place for Daimyo(大名). Half of popuration was Samurai(武士). They were the most of the owner of trade ceramics. Daimyo Yashiki(大名屋敷)was the stage of the Samurai of activities. I first organize the aspects of trade ceramics using Samurai. Japan porcelain (Arita porcelain) was popular instead of China porcelain as the tool in the mid 17th century, because affected by change of the Chinese dynasty. So I will also mention technology exchange in china and Japan from each of fabrication technology observation.