臺灣出土十七世紀中晚期日本肥前窯瓷器與其意義

The Meaning of the Discovery of Middle-late 17th century Japan Hizen Ceramics in Taiwan

近年來針對臺南安平古堡、高雄左營舊城，以及臺南南部科學工業園區等地的發掘，陸續釐清臺灣十七世紀以後的面貌。十七世紀中葉左右，清廷積極防堵明鄭勢力在臺發展。在所頒布的海禁政策與戰亂的雙重影響下，臺灣島內高品質瓷貨開始短缺，只能開始轉向其他海外生產地點尋求貨源。因此在這樣的情勢下，日本九州佐賀縣有田，以及長崎的波佐見等地的陶瓷器，在具備豐富的原料與鄰近市場等優勢下，開始了專業化與規模化的生產，正式邁入蓬勃的外銷時代，並逐漸取代中國原有的海外陶瓷市場。然而，肥前窯瓷器在臺灣歷史時期的考古遺址中，所呈現的數量比例上卻明顯偏少，無法表現出肥前窯瓷器取代中國原有的海外陶瓷市場的趨勢。這種現象與肥前窯瓷器並非透過大規模貿易手段進入臺灣市場有著極大的關連，肥前窯瓷器可能透過小規模填補中國陶瓷器數量上的空缺，以及私人因素而零星購買等方式，伴隨以中國陶瓷器為主的商品進入臺灣市場，因而形成與東南亞遺址出土大量肥前窯瓷器迥異的現象。此外，肥前窯瓷器在不同型態的考古遺址中出現，與該肥前窯瓷器的品項與種類亦有一定程度的關係。筆者希冀透過分析這些不同遺址出土的肥前窯瓷器，重新梳理臺灣地區出土的肥前窯瓷器的脈絡。

In recent years, Taiwan's archaeological excavations of Fort Zeelandia in Tainan, Old City of Zuoying in Kaohsiung, and Southern Taiwan Science Park help gradually clarify the appearance after the 17th century. Around the middle of the seventeenth century, under the double impact of Maritime Embargo Policy and the continuing wars in the Qing dynasty, there was a serious shortage of high-quality porcelain goods in Taiwan in order to prevent Ming Zheng forces from developing in Taiwan; as a result, operators could only look for overseas production sites for sources. Meanwhile, the development of ceramics in Japan, such as Arita, Saga, Hasami, Nagasaki, and other areas, was growing in magnitude and specialization, China's ceramics market had been displaced by Japan's ceramics market. However, with the discovery of the archaeological sites of Taiwan historical periods, the quantities of Hizen porcelain were significantly less than normal proportionally, which could not prove the trend that China's ceramics market was superseded by Hizen porcelain. For Hizen porcelain, small-scale filling of the number of vacancies in Chinese ceramics, personal reasons for sporadic purchases, and other channels might be adopted, and the situation that the commodities consisting mainly Chinese ceramics entered the Taiwan market, to form the different phenomenon from a lot of Hizen porcelain unearthed in Southeast Asia Ruins. In addition, Hizen porcelain appeared in different types of archaeological sites, which was related to the items and types of the Hizen porcelain to a certain extent. It is expected to re-sort the context of the Hizen ceramics unearthed in Taiwan through the analysis of the Hizen porcelain unearthed in these different sites.