專利侵權損害賠償制度價值初探

An Exploration on the Value and Function of Remedy for Patent Infringement

專利侵權損害賠償制度是專利法的重要制度，集中體現了專利法律制度和侵權法律制度的價值。專利侵權損害賠償制度價值，就是專利侵權損害賠償制度在社會生活中所發揮的具體作用。專利侵權損害賠償制度法律適用，例如歸責原則、賠償額計算以及舉證責任分配等，都受到其價值的支配和影響。專利侵權損害賠償制度具有複合價值：基本價值、政策價值、倫理價值和經濟價值。其基本價值體現在救濟、預防、制裁和維護行為自由，其中的救濟價值具有首位性，主要體現在回應專利權客體的非物質性和侵權行為的獲益屬性；預防與制裁價值體現在，侵權人就其侵權行為給專利權人造成的損失承擔全部賠償責任，並且侵權人因為其侵權行為獲得的不當利益全部賠償給專利權人。其政策價值體現在創新助燃劑與市場滌化器，具有實現專利法律價值和保障專利市場價值的基本作用，促進市場配置創新資源的決定性作用充分發揮；其倫理價值體現在實現矯正正義與倫理回歸，亦即專利侵權損害賠償制度集中體現專利權人因為專利侵權行為所遭受的經濟不利益的補償以及侵權行為人因為專利侵權行為所獲得的非法獲益的剝奪與懲罰，從而彌補專利權人在專利技術研發過程中的經濟投入。其經濟價值主要體現在對知識外溢的彌補以及對經濟發展的內生增長促進作用。

The rule of remedy for patent infringement is one of the most important rules of the patent law, which embodies a centralized reflection of patent law and tort law. Just as criminal law science consists theory of crime composition and demonstration of criminal responsibility, tort law science consists theory of constituting liability which focus on whether to assume the tort liability and who has to assume the tort liability and theory of damage compensation which focus on how to assume the tort liability. The value of remedy for patent infringement means the function of the rule in social life. The value of this rule is compound which includes basic legal value, policy value, ethical value and economical value. The basic legal value includes relief, prevention, sanction and maintenance free behavior among which relief heads the list. The character of the relief value is to respond to the intangibility of the object of patent right and the beneficial character of patent infringement. The policy value of the remedy for patent infringement is to serve the market as the determinant power of allocating innovation resource. The ethical value the remedy for patent infringement is to achieve corrective justice and ethical regression .The economical value of the remedy for patent infringement is to make up for knowledge spillovers and promote endogenous growth.