植物新品種行政管理體制改革研究

Administrative System Reform Research of New Varieties of Plants

我國植物新品種的行政管理由農業部和國家林業局分工負責，與世界上大多數國家不同，也不符合植物新品種自身的規律。現行植物新品種的行政管理體制存在諸多弊端卻未得到充分重視，橫向方面農業植物新品種和林業植物新品種的劃分僵硬、農業部門和林業部門機構設置不統一、協同執法難以配合、存在效率低下和資源浪費等問題；縱向方面則表現為中央和地方的機構配置以及省級行政部門和縣級行政部門職權劃分不科學。因此應當改革現行植物新品種行政管理體制，構建集中統一的模式；統一農業和林業植物新品種行政管理符合知識產權行政體制改革的政策方向及國際通行實踐，具有合理性。

The National Agriculture Department and National Forestry Department exercise executive power respectively for New Varieties of Plants (NVP) in China, which is different to most countries in the world and is against to the rule of NVP. The defects and problems, as in lateral, for Agriculture Department and Forestry Department, inflexible division of agriculture and forestry varieties, inconsistent disposition of organizations, difficulty in collaborative law enforcement, low efficiency and resource wastes, while in the longitudinal, the unreasonable disposition of central and local organizations, of provincial and county powers, are without enough attention and research though. As a result, the current Administrative System for New Varieties of Plants should be reformed to pattern of centralized and unified, meanwhile the unified administrative system for both agricultural and forestry NVP is reasonable, conforming to policies of Intellectual Property Administrative System Reform, as well as coincident to international practices.