美國體育賽事轉播反壟斷審查豁免規則及其對中國的啟示

Exemption Rules of Sports Broadcasting Antitrust Review in America and Their Reference to China

美國的體育賽事發展主要是因為兩大政策：一個是美國《體育賽事轉播法》，其給予賽事轉播權協議反壟斷審查豁免；另一政策就是體育賽事轉播的禁止轉播規則。美國司法實踐一直在限制《體育賽事轉播法》的適用範圍，同時立法者和學者們也希望廢除禁止轉播規則的適用。在中國當前體育職業賽事發展的重要時期，借鑒《體育賽事轉播法》的有益經驗可以促使體育職業賽事進入一個新的發展階段。因此我國需要借鑒美國對於賽事轉播協議的豁免事項，促使體育賽事聯盟結構得到穩定。而對於禁轉規則，因其與我國現實狀況不相符合，所以不應效仿。

Two policies promote sport event development in America. One is Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 which exempts the antitrust review of broadcasting agreement. The other is the block-out rule. In American legal practice, some legislators and scholars hope to limit the exemption scope of broadcasting agreement antitrust review and abandon the block-out rule. It is the significant time for Chinese profession sports development, and the American experience about the policies mentioned above affords us lessons that merit attention. Therefore, we are supposed to take a lesson from Sports Broadcasting Act instead of block-out rule as it does not match our current situation.