土耳其繼受瑞士民法典親屬法及文化衝突

The Reception of Swiss Family Law in Turkey and the Cultural Conflicts

繼受自瑞士民法典的土耳其親屬法於繼受過程中面臨到法律和奧圖曼社會文化之間的文化衝突。有關作為繼受法應如何調整適用於制定該法律之國家人民的問題，繫諸於兩個因素：第一，既存法規範對於該國之社會文化因素，如宗教、文化、經濟和社會結構的依賴關係；第二，規範應用過程中的法律規範與社會生活之間的相互依存關係。規範複合體、法典，甚至是整體的法的轉化，主要係透過經由明文規定，或是以立法文書形式等方式呈現。然而，作為法律繼受的整體，則以另外一種形式，亦即以一個動態過程在發生。本文主要將探討，在土耳其親屬法於繼受過程中的文化和衝突的問題，將特別針對未成年婚姻、強制世俗婚、一夫一妻制及祖父母子女會面交往權及夫妻財產制等，於法律繼受時可能產生的問題加以討論。

The family law in Turkey is a reception of the Swiss Civil Code and faces the cultural conflicts between the laws and the social culture from Ottoman. The question how the laws needs to be so adjusted for the people, those written them depends on two factor: the first, the de-pendence of the legal norms on the social cultural elements, such as religious, cultural, economic and social structure; the second, the inter-dependence between the legal norms and the social life during applica-tion of norms. The transfer or acquisition of norms complexes, codifica-tions and laws will occurs primarily in the way that it is fixed in writing or in the form of a legislative act. However the reception as a whole is rather in another way as a living process. Here the culture and conflict problems of the family law reception in Turkey will be discussed partic-ularly in connection with the issues that may arise by the reception.