中國工傷保險與損害賠償請求競合：非典型勞動爭議

The Study of Conflicts between Claims in Industrial Injury Insurance and Civil Damages Compensations in the PRC

中國勞動關係構成元素除勞動合同制度外，尚涉養老退休、工傷保險等制度轉型因素。工傷保險制度係從企業內勞工保險體制轉向企業外社會保險體制中，各項工傷待遇給付仍依賴企業支付，與台灣以保險支付方式顯然不同。而工傷給付若有項目或金額爭執者，概以勞動爭議處理程序解決，處理程序須經強制仲裁，並無程序簡化之便利。且實體權利上工傷待遇與民事損害賠償請求競合接軌不當，使勞工無法提出非財產損害賠償請求。此等差異認知不僅在中國勞動法制研究上有其必要，對付中經營企業之風險管理亦為重要。本文試以：(1) 工傷待遇與勞動保險、(2) 工傷待遇請求與損害賠償請求、(3) 工傷待遇與損害賠償競合模式、(4)競合關係評價，逐層說明中國工傷給付爭議與勞動爭議事件結合之制度因素，工傷損害賠償制度路線辯證與法制發展。

The labor-management relationship in China is formed by labor contract system, combing with the transforming systems of retirement and vocational injury insurance. The vocational injury insurance in China is started with the form of labor insurance in enterprises, and then transformed to the type of social insurance. However, each benefit is still paid by enterprises, which is different from the operation of social insurance in Taiwan. Any dispute that related to money or other matter in terms of vocational injury benefit will be managed with labormanagement dispute process. The process is run with compulsory arbitration; thus, inconveniently, the process can not be simplified. In addition, due to the failed connection of the concurrence parts of vocational injury benefits and civil damages, workers can not claim for non-property damages. It’s necessary to notice this problem while studying the labor legal system of the PRC. It is also an important message regarding risk management to the Taiwan-based enterprises in China.