運用快速上肢評估法探討營建業勞工肌肉骨骼傷病風險之研究

Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders Risks for Construction Labors Using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment

營建業多屬重負荷體力作業，且作業環境均隨著工程進度而經常改變，與製造業的固定工作環境及工作型態不同，而營建業勞工各類作業型態皆具肌肉骨骼傷病的高風險工作，因此本研究實地至施工現場錄製勞工工作姿勢，以泥作技術工、磁磚技術工、木板技術工等作業為例，運用快速上肢評估法（Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, RULA），觀察勞工工作姿勢的施力大小與使用肌群狀態，藉由RULA工作姿勢行動水準檢核表，評估其工作相關肌肉骨骼傷病風險。研究結果顯示，RULA評分結果高於5分者近日內需進行進一步調查及改善（Action Level3, AL3），若評分高於7分（Action Level 4, AL4）且必須立即進行調查及改善，而磁磚技術工與木板技術工相關作業皆高於5分，應立即改善以降低肌肉骨骼之危害，保護營建業之作業勞工。

Construction industry is mostly heavy physical work, and the work environments and conditions are always changing as the construction schedule. These working environments and types are different from manufacturing industry. All kinds of construction labors associated with high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Present study was to record the working postures in construction field site. The mud workers, laying bricks workers, wood workers were evaluated the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The RULA scores are more than five (AL3) and indicated that investigation and improved are required soon. The scores of 7 (AL4) will be required to immediately improve in order to reduce musculoskeletal injuries. The operations of laying bricks workers and wood workers are higher risks of musculoskeletal disorders. It should be an immediate improvement to reduce musculoskeletal hazards and protecting construction industry labors.