「妊而不產」－－明清醫籍對於鬼胎的認識

Review: ＂Pregnancy Rather than Production＂ The Awareness of ＂Fake Pregnancy＂ in Medical Books during Ming and Qing Dynasty

中國自古受封建思想之影響，男女婚配除了門當戶對之外，傳宗接代茲事體大，所謂「不孝有三，無後為大」，因此婦女無論出身名門或是一般家庭，都要承受生育之重責大任，更甚者有因結婚多年不孕，必需接受丈夫納妾，或者以「七出」之由而被離婚，孤獨的度過一生。因此，有些體質虛弱的婦女就有「鬼交」的現象，甚而產生「鬼胎」的症狀。中醫源遠流長歷代醫家們在對鬼胎的認識和治療各有不同的面貌。女性患者是中醫診療上的多數族群，近年來於國外輔助或補充療法十分盛行，常用於一些慢性、精神、和非特定之疾患，且精神疾患患者對此類療法之接受度似乎高於一般民眾，研究亦發現女性使用中醫藥治療的頻率較高。本文即根據醫籍中的記載，探討此類疾病的成因、病機以及其治療，期望結果可作為治療此類疾病的參考。

Ancient China was influenced by feudal ideology, the marriage between men and women was based on their families' equal social rank, in addition woman should bear the heavy responsibility of fertility. Worse still, if a woman were infertility, there are many unfair treatments. She had to accept the concubines of her husband, or divorced and lived lonely by the order of the ＂Seven rule of law＂. Therefore, some psychic women suffering from a strange disease called ＂dreamed coitus＂, or had a ＂fake pregnancy＂. The purpose of the present will investigate the causes of these diseases and its pathogenesis and treatment. A detailed literature review from the TCM books and modern discourse were carried out. The results could be served as a reference for treatment.