元太禧宗禋院官署建置考論

On the Organization of Taixizongyin Yuan in the Yuan Dynasty

元代原廟所屬宗教相當多元，而以佛教最為巨大與重要。太禧宗禋院作為佛教類原廟的主管機關之一，建置於文宗天曆年間，統合此前管理個別皇家寺院的會福、殊祥兩院。本文以太禧宗禋院官署的建置為中心，概分官署興革、職掌事務與官員組成諸方面，研究顯示：蒙元制度往往取決於蒙古貴族統治意識的左右，構成蒙元時期在中國歷史的特殊性。元朝的原廟制度也可如是觀。世祖朝與文宗朝為元代原廟制度奠立的兩個關鍵時期，世祖朝決定原廟設置的多元性，文宗朝試圖統合紛雜的管理機關。不過，文宗的改革並不成功，使得中國原廟僅見的專責官署之設立，位階雖高，運作成效卻有限。

The religious systems to which the worship halls in the Yuan Dynasty belonged are many. Among them, the Buddhist system was the largest and most important. Taixizongyin yuan, the administrative branch of the Buddhist system, was established during the period of Emperor Wen-zong of Yuan (1328-1332). It integrated Huifu yuan 會福院 and Shuxiang yuan 殊祥院, which were responsible for the management of different royal temples. This paper discusses several aspects of Taixizongyin yuan, including its history, its organization, and the duties of its personnel. The study shows that the Mongol-Yuan system was established in accordance with the ideology and governmental policies of Mongolian nobles, a situation which was unique in Chinese history. The reigns of Shi-zu 世祖 (1260-1294) and Wen-zong were two crucial periods for the establishment of the worship hall system. Shi-zu supported the diversity of worship halls, and Wen-zong attempted to streamline their organization. However, Wen-zong’s reforms were not successful. Although the office which governed worship halls was high-ranked, its influence was limited.