書法應酬與王鐸的人脈網絡——以受書人中的河南地方官與清初新貴為例

Calligraphy for Social Obligations and the Social Network of Wang Duo: Writing for Local Officials of Henan and Powerful Han Officials in the Early Qing Government

除了買賣之外，王鐸的書法作品大量用於日常應酬，其受書人主要包括同僚、地方官、書畫友等。其中最值得重視的是河南地方官員和清初新貴。前者可見書法應酬在王鐸獲得特殊服務與家族便利方面，可能發生的作用；後者則可資探討王鐸入清之後如何積極營構新的人脈網絡，這與清初貳臣之間的相互開脫形成絕妙的反差。

In addition to creating calligraphic works for sale, Wang Duo often used them as gifts to fulfill certain social obligations. The main recipients were his colleagues at work, local officials, and fellow artists. Among them, two groups were especially significant. First, Wang gave calligraphic works to local officials, which allowed him to maintain friendly relations with important families and enjoy certain privileges. Second, Wang also gave his valuable works to powerful Han officials in the Qing court in hopes of establishing a social network in the new dynasty. This clearly conflicts with the account of other former Ming officials in the Qing government, who described Wang as reluctant to serve the Manchus and as leading a decadent life. Here, Wang Duo's actual social attempts are revealed by the whereabouts of his calligraphic works.