欲望「主體」與精神殘渣：對《兄弟》的心理—政治解讀

The Subject of Desire and Spiritual Residue: A Psychopolitical Reading of Yu Hua's Brothers

本篇論文研究中國大陸近年極具影響的以文革歷史與當代背景為題材的小說《兄弟》（余華著），通過對拉岡──紀傑克的分裂主體理論的闡述，探討實在界中的創傷如何經由小他物對主體的填補而形成一種反諷的歷史敘事。在《兄弟》中，小他物的填補是由對女性屁股的窺視來完成的。本文將分析這種無法成為真實欲望對象的小他物如何以符號秩序中的空缺而成為欲望圍繞的本源，以及與主人能指相關的精神創傷如何映射社會歷史現代性的暴力侵襲。本文通過將《兄弟》置於中國現代「成長小說」的發展歷史中，探討了宏大歷史主體的瓦解，並試圖探察有關歷史回憶的反諷敘事，如何展示神聖符號所無法掩蓋的實在界殘渣，以及由此拼貼出的分裂主體，作為現代性主體的失敗。

This paper discusses Yu Hua's Brothers, a novel set against the background of the Cultural Revolution and the present. In light of Lacan's theory of the barred subject, this paper examines how an ironic historical narrative is formed by the filling out of objet petit a during the process of subjectification. In Brothers, the filling out is done through looking voyeuristically at the femal behind. This paper analyzes how objet petit a, which cannot become the true object of desire, serves as the void in the Symbolic order surrounded by desire, and how trauma, in relation to the master-signifier, reflects the violent assault by sociohistorical modernity. This paper also places Brothers in the historical context of the modern Chinese Bildungsroman and reveals the disintegration of grand historical subjectivity. It attempts to probe how an ironic narrative concerning recent history reveals both the residues of the Lacanian Real that cannot be concealed or assimilated by the sacred Symbolic order, as well as the split subject as breakdown of the modern subject.