聖人敘事與神聖典範：《史記‧孔子世家》析論

A Saint Narrative and a Sacred Paradigm: The Hereditary House of Confucius in the Records of the Grand Historiαn

關於《史記‧孔子世家》意旨的詮釋，本文乃是以掌握其敘事結構為進路。這一詮釋進路，一方面強調經由掌握〈世家〉的情節脈絡，而不僅是從文章的表層脈絡理解其主題意旨，此則異於傳統的「文章評點」進路；一方面則強調敘事作者的創作意識，不僅是表現個人的情感與智悟，而且是再現了社會的文化模式，此則異於將《史記》視為「史詩性的文藝」的詮釋進路。本文的詮釋，既是反映了中國經史學的敘事傳統，也嘗試連結當代的歷史敘事學，凸顯歷史敘事的意義闡釋功能。從傳統經史學的學術脈絡加以檢視，〈世家〉不僅是一本孔子傳記，也是一部體現漢代經學價值體系，將孔子生平視為「神聖典範」的「聖人敘事」；它的總體意義在於標舉一個涵蓋政治事功、文化精神、政教律法的神聖典範，藉以闡釋歷史意義的創造與人性價值的彰顯。

This paper approaches The Hereditary House of Confucius from the standpoint of orthodox Chinese studies of Confucian classics. It incorporates both orthodox studies and contemporary historical narratology, and it places importance on interpretive schemes of narratives. Arrangement of plot is considered to be the representation of the author's creative consciousness and cultural pattern; in other words, the Hereditary House of Confucius represents the cultural pattern and system of values of the Han Dynasty and it reshapes the life of Confucius as a sacred paradigm. The Hereditary House of Confucius not only serves as Confucius's biography but also places humanity's sacred origins within a historical context and puts into relief the essence of humanity.