中文摘要 |
歷經嚴重急性呼吸道症候群(SARS)後,世界衛生組織建議各國應掌握呼吸道感染與發生不明原因肺炎的狀況。據此,中國建立不明原因肺炎的監測方案,以防堵如SARS、禽流感等各類易併發嚴重肺炎的各種新型呼吸道傳染病。新型冠狀病毒肺炎(COVID-19)初期症狀符合不明原因肺炎通報標準,但為何在疫情爆發之際,中國疾控中心並未於第一時間透過不明原因肺炎的監測系統接獲來自地方的通報病例?本文主張,由醫院與地方疾控中心所組成的基層傳染病監測網絡在「公衛屬地原則」、「傳染病管理架構」、「預警體系」、「幹部管理制度」等制度環境的影響下,發展出病例核實為先、「網路直報」在後的行動邏輯,導致監測機制在面臨新型冠狀病毒肺炎時,未於第一時間通報疑似病例發揮早期預警效果。 After the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that countries develop disease surveillance systems to discover the origins of outbreaks of respiratory infectious disease and "pneumonia of unknown cause." China accordingly designed a surveillance system to prevent and control diseases like SARS and Avian Influenza. The initial symptoms of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) conform to those of a pneumonia of unknown cause. However, the Chinese CDC failed to obtain local information in real time during the early-stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. This article argues that the influence of "public health territorialism," the structure of infectious disease management, the early warning system, and executive management system influence local Chinese disease control units to develop a behavior model of "verification first, notification second" that delayed the access of central authority to outbreak information. |