「歡迎光臨。歡迎光顧。」：喬伊斯；現代特質；負面美學

Buy from Us. And Buy from Us.' (U 13.1124): Joyce, Modernity, Aesthetics of Negativity

文學現代主義和現代特質雖語出同源，但在早年學術界的認知，兩者幾乎解離，主要是因為傳統將美學置放於高層文化，因而排除貼近庶民文化的現代特質。針對這問題，本文以《尤利西斯》〈瑙西卡〉為主要研究對象，結合文化研究與文本分析，分三部份探討喬氏如何在《尤利西斯》中，一方面經營負面美學，一方面呈現愛爾蘭這殖民消費社會的現代特質。第一部份由人際關係檢視都柏林市民的現代特質，並分析消費邏輯的策略以及其意識形態。第二部份探討喬伊斯如何在〈瑙西卡〉中，挪用廣告文體，在呈現物化的人際關係以及消費文化中的浪漫想像之餘，也暴露其類似「有機原則」的華麗形式中所隱藏的缺憾。第三部份則將喬氏的負面美學置放在愛爾蘭殖民情境，以勾勒作者美學的政治意涵，並藉此回應李維斯對《尤利西斯》欠缺「有機原則」的批判。

Stemming from the same etymology, literary modernism and modernity were nonetheless considered to be divorced from each other, primarily because aesthetics was conventionally posited on high culture, thereby excluding popular culture that constitutes modernity. In response to this problematic, this tri-part essay adopts cultural studies in conjunction with close reading to explore the way James Joyce constructs an aesthetics of negativity in the course of representing modernity and consumer society in colonial Ireland. Part one analyzes the mode of human relationship which characterizes modernity in Dublin, and inspects the strategy and ideology inherent in consumer logic. Part two explores the way Joyce appropriates the idiom of advertisement to negatively expose the lack embedded in the sophisticated, quasi-'organic' form employed to portray the reification of human relationship and the romantic imagination in consumer culture. Part three considers Joyce's aesthetics of negativity in the context of colonial Ireland to uncover its political content and to repudiate F. R. Leavis's critique of Ulysses for its lack of an 'organic principle.'