渥滋渥斯的「家住葛拉絲湖」與地方意識

Wordsworth's 《Home at Grasmere》 and the Sense of Place

本論文討論渥滋渥斯《家住葛拉絲湖畔》（Home at Grasmere）一詩中所呈現的地方意識及其與地方政治之間的關係。《家住葛拉絲湖畔》這首詩中的地方意識與渥滋渥斯「先知詩人」的身份不無關係。我們可以看到渥氏透過對葛拉絲湖象徵性的佔有，試圖將詩魂（genius poeticus）與地靈（genius loci）結合轉換，讓詩人成為地靈，成為地方上的代言人，並以此身分化解個人主義與群體意識之間的矛盾衝突。除此之外，渥氏並在《家》詩中將葛拉絲湖塑造成理想社會，藉此把地方擴大成整個社會和國家。就《隱士》這首詩的創作目的和精神而言，擴展的目的，一方面是要以鄉里代言人和先知詩人的身份，拯救法國大革命之後墮落的社會和人心，振奮理想幻滅的人士；另一方面，則是要將葛拉絲湖這個「地方」納入文學傳統，承先啟後，詩人立足地方而成一家之言。因此，《家住葛拉絲湖畔》一詩中的地方意識，牽涉到國家社會的道德基礎和立國根本，以及奠基於愛國主義的身份認同。

This paper discusses the sense of place in Home at Grasmere, and argues that the sense of place in the poem is related to Wordsworth's poetic identity. First of all, the paper argues that Wordsworth's symbolic 'possession' of Grasmere is an attempt, through replacing genius loci with genius poeticus, for the poet to become a spokesman of the place and thus adding social and political significance to the identity of a poet. By doing so, Wordsworth also endeavors to solve the conflict between his egoistic penchant and his social responsibility. What is more, in Home at Grasmere Wordsworth projects his model of an ideal society onto the local village in order to symbolically raise its local status to a national one. Such a projection again involves the poet's social and political agenda which, seen in the context of The Recluse, concerns the redemption of disillusioned souls and a morally disintegrated society after the French Revolution, and seen in terms of poetic identity, concerns the poet's intention of confirming his identity of a national, rather than local, poet by putting Grasmere on the map of English literary tradition.