方言地理和語言學視角下的排灣族群分類

The Classification of Paiwan from a Dialect Geography and Linguistic Perspective

排灣族群的分類始於日本學者的研究，在《臺灣原住民族系統所屬之研究》以及《蕃族慣習調查報告書[ 第五卷] 排灣族》（第一冊）中有著不同的分類結果。本文根據排灣語方言研究的最新成果，提出結合語言學與人類學特徵的分類方式。根據這個分類方式，排灣族可以分為「大母母山文化圈」、「北大武山文化圈」、「南大武山文化圈」、「大漢山文化圈」、「麻里巴文化圈」、「女乃山文化圈」、「瑯橋十八社文化圈」，以及「卑南文化圈」等八個文化圈。這些文化圈體現了人類學以及語言學最顯著的一些特徵，並且大致可以反映方言分布的情況，是排灣族群分類的一個新嘗試。

The classification of Paiwan was initiated by the Japanese anthropologists. The Formosan Native Tribes: A Genealogical and Classificatory Study and Investigation of Old Customs of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan Vol. 5: Paiwan Book One show different classifying results. This paper provides a study of the Paiwan dialects through a classifying method which combines linguistic and anthropological features. According to such method, Paiwan can be classified in eight circles based on the most prominent linguistic or cultural features, including ＂Tjavuvu Circle＂, ＂Tjagaraus Circle＂, ＂Sarekuman Circle＂, ＂Karupunidan Circle＂, ＂Maljipa Circle＂, ＂Tjaljunay Circle＂, ＂Langkiau Circle＂, and ＂Puyuma Circle＂. These circles combine with anthropological factors and roughly reflect the distribution of the Paiwan dialects, representing a new attempt in classifying the Paiwan dialects.