中華人民共和國以『自治區』為單位的少數民族經濟政策之初探研究

The Preliminary Study on the ＂Autonomous Region＂ Economic Policies of the Minority Nationalities in China

本文依產業、貿易、財政與扶貧之分類探討中華人民共和國（中國大陸）少數民族的經濟政策現況與成效，研究結果指出中國大陸少數民族經濟政策施行範圍是民族自治區的地理疆域。其產業政策的重點為自治區產業特色的發展；貿易政策的重點為利率優惠、減免稅收、專項投資等的提供；財政政策的重點為稅收優惠與財政移轉支付；扶貧政策的重點則是扶貧範圍與特殊照顧。對照中華人民共和國大陸的少數民族經濟政策，本文認為中國大陸與臺灣少數民族經濟政策最大之差異是自治區的有無，因此，臺灣可以考量原住民族自治社區或部落為主體的經濟政策（類似中華人共和國大陸的少數民族經濟政策），或民族獨立區域的經濟政策（類似美國的民族經濟政策）。

This paper investigates the current implementation and the effectiveness of minority nationalities' economic policies in China by the classification of industry, trade, fiscal, and poverty alleviation. The results show that the focus of minority nationalities' economic policies in China are their implementation scopes based on racial or ethnic minority autonomous region. Their industrial policies emphasis the development of local industry on each autonomous region; their trade policies address the interest rate concessions, tax breaks, special investment; their fiscal policies provide tax cut and fiscal transfer payments; their pro-poor policies continue to expand the scopes of poverty alleviation and special care.