心理助人工作者「同理失衡量表」之編製

The Development of Empathic Strain Scale for Psychological Helpers

本研究旨在建立衡量同理失衡之量化工具，以瞭解助人者同理失衡之概況。本研究採問卷調查 法，使用自編的「同理失衡量表」進行研究，量表包含同理壓抑與同理陷入兩個分量表，共計13 題。正式研究對象以立意取樣的方式，分別選取專業心理助人工作者、助人工作實習學生以及心理 助人志工三類助人工作類型，有效樣本為 239 人。所得資料以探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、 單因子變異數分析及皮爾遜積差相關等統計方法進行分析。結果顯示：(1)分量表的Cronbach’s α 為 .87 與 .84 ，總量表的Cronbach’s α 為 .90 ，顯示本量表具有良好的內部一致性信度；(2)分量 表間的同質性佳，且具有良好的建構效度與效標關聯效度；(3)三種類型的助人工作者在同理失衡有 顯著的差異，專業心理助人工作者與助人工作實習學生比心理助人志工是較容易出現同理失衡與同 理陷入的現象。整體而言，本研究的貢獻乃發展同理失衡量表，進而協助助人者能對同理失衡進行 更多自我覺察與有效的因應。根據研究結果提出具體建議，供心理諮商與輔導實務的教育養成與未 來研究做為參考。

The main purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative measure to assess empathic strain of psychological helpers， and to understand the situation of empathic strain. The study adopted a method of questionnaire survey， and the instruments used in this study were “Empathic Strain Scale”. There were 13 items in this scale including two sub-scale， empathic repression and empathic enmeshment. The study used the purposive sampling to get the questionnaires， and the effective participants were 239 psychological helpers in Taiwan. The study was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis， confirmatory factor analysis， one-way Anova and Pearson’s product- moment correlation. The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of two sun-scales were .87 and .84， and .90 of the whole scale; (2) In validity analysis， the construct validity and the confirmatory factor analyses were performed， showing that the overall model fit the data well. Moreover， it also showed the good the criterion-related validity; (3) the significant differences was demonstrated among three types of psychological helpers， which the score of empathic strain was higher in professional helper and intern students than in volunteer helpers. Overall， the contribution of this study is to develop the“Empathic Strain Scale”， and thus assist the psychological helpers to enhance their self-awareness and effective coping. According to the findings， the discussion and specific recommendations for psychological counseling practice， counseling education， and future related research were discussed accordingly.