長谷寺的神明：從新視點來研究日本宗教文學

Gods of Hasedera: Study of Religious Literature in Japan from a New Point of View

長谷寺是位於日本大和盆地東南隅的著名山岳寺院。與其有關的研究，都僅將它當作一個文學作品的舞台來看待。但是，當我們將分析的焦點設定於長谷寺時，從中又可發現什麼樣的動向呢？本來寺院裡便有諸多活動。對此，每個人會從佛教史學、美術史學、歷史學、藝能史學、文學等領域中，選取自己關注的部分。然而最近學界發現這樣反而無法充分瞭解寺院這一複雜的宗教主體。實際上，源起於鎌倉時代的長谷寺說話集《長谷寺靈驗記》、記載長谷寺歷史的《長谷寺緣起文》以及描述長谷寺神明來歷典故的《長谷寺密奏記》等三部作品，相互間具有密切的關聯性。因此，當我們把研究焦點放在這些關聯性上，即意指有意放棄擷取單一文本分析的近代文學研究方法，而試圖從多樣化的宗教活動間的關聯性來解析文學。有鑑於此觀點，本稿遂將論述焦點鎖定在長谷寺的神明，藉此探討「神佛習合」背景下的文學作品風貌。

Located in the southeast of Yamato Basin, Hasedera is a famous mountain temple in Japan. This paper focuses on Hasedera to study the relationship between religion and literature. Many kinds of activities happen around temples. In their studies on temples, scholars have often singled out distinct aspects of temple activities, such as history of Buddhism, temple art, historical incidents, and literary associations. However, activities in temples are too closely connected to one another to be looked at separately. So lately in Japan, we do not think it enough to persist only in our own separate fields of study. For example, a careful examination of texts written in Hasedera during the Kamakura era, such as ＂Hasedera Genki＂, ＂Hasedera Engimon＂, and ＂Hasedera Missoki＂, will reveal a close and complex relationship among these texts despite their differences in contents. The emphasis on the dynamics points to abandoning the old method of subdividing the objects so that we may better apppreciate religious literature in its multifarious manifestations. Focusing on Gods of Hasedera, I therefore explore the literary world in Hasedera by considering the combination of Shinto with Buddhism.