「三種神器神話」的多元性：從《劍卷》的「寶劍傳說」論起

The Plurality of Mythology on ＂The Three Sacred Treasures＂: On the Legend of Treasure Swords (Tsurugi no Maki)

在日本所謂的「三種神器」（神璽「八坂瓊曲玉」、寶劍「草薙劍」、內侍所之鏡「八咫鏡」）被認為是保障天皇神聖王權的信物，也就是說日本「歷史」的起源是由這些建構而成的。但是，與這三件寶物由來有關的「神話」性記敘，其實是從中世以後才慢慢開始傳播開來，而《平家物語》《太平記》等軍記物語則扮演著舉足輕重的角色。然而，這些作品中所浮現出來的「三種神器」記敘絕對是互不相同的。因此本稿希望透過被稱為「《平家物語》外傳」的《平家物語劍卷》及《平家物語補闕劍卷》這兩部作品的文本分析來重新審思幾乎已成歷史性概念的「三種神器」。

The sovereignty of the Japanese Emperor has been mythologically justified by holy treasures known as ＂The Three Kinds of Sacred Treasures＂ (i.e., jade, sword and mirror), from which also originated Japanese history. Mythical narratives about these treasures began from the Medieval Period, and such literary works as ＂The Heike Monogatari＂ and ＂Taiheiki＂ contributed to the dissemination of the legend. In addition, legendary contents of the treasures in these works are so different from each other. This paper analyzes two works which are based on ＂The Heike Monogatari＂ and attempts to consider ＂The Three Sacred Treasures＂ as a historical concept.