從“順承模式”到“層控模式”－－“以審判為中心”的訴訟制度改革評析

From 'Submissive- adopting Pattern' to 'Layer- supervising Pattern' A Study of the 'Trial- oriented' Litigation System Reform

由於公檢法三機關職能及關係的異化，中國刑事訴訟被認為具有“以偵查為中心”的構造模式。這種訴訟模式可稱為“順承模式”，其既與刑事訴訟作為“訴訟”的基本特徵相背離，也易導致刑事審判虛化，難以發現並糾正檢警機關犯下的錯誤。“以審判為中心”的訴訟制度改革，為中國刑事訴訟模式的理性轉型提供了新的契機。中國刑事訴訟如能從“以偵查為 中心”走向“以審判為中心”，案件將隨程序的層層推進接受愈來愈嚴格縝密的審查。這種革新後的訴訟模式可稱為“層控模式”。兩種模式既存在共性基礎又具有個性差異。“順承－－層控”的模式界分，不但有助於提升中國刑事訴訟的理論品質，或許還能為世界範圍內的訴訟模式學說增添新的亮色。

Due to the anomaly of the function and relationship among the people's courts, procuratorates and public security organs, Chinese criminal procedure is deemed as 'investigation-centered'. This kind of litigation model can also be called 'submissive-adopting pattern', which not only diverges from the underpinnings of criminal procedure as litigation from the very beginning, but also undermines the value of criminal trials, causing difficulties for correcting the mistakes made by the public security and the procuratorates. The Fourth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC put forward the 'trial-oriented' litigation system reform, paving way for China's rational transformation of the criminal procedure model. If the criminal procedure of China can be upgraded from 'investigation-centered' to 'trial-oriented', criminal cases can be reviewed more strictly and cautiously with the advance of each stage of the litigation. This author names the new litigation model as 'layer-supervising pattern'. The 'submissive-adopting pattern' and the 'layer-supervising pattern' share both some similarities and differences. The way of categorizing the litigation model not only improves the theoretical level of study on Chinese criminal procedure, but also may add some new ideas to the world-wide litigation mode theory.