中國憲法序言正當化修辭的時間意識

The Consciousness of Time in the Legitimization Rhetoric of the Chinese Constitution's Preface

在對我國憲法序言的解釋中，存在兩種有缺陷的解釋趨向。一種是把序言中的歷史敘事抽象化為哲學時間，從而把憲法的正當性直接奠定在真理之中。這種趨向忽視了我國憲法歷史敘事具體的、歷史的特點，即序言中的歷史時間總是被具體化了的歷史時間段落。具體化的歷史時間是社會主義憲法的政治性得以展開的方式，因此第一種趨向也就忽視了憲法正當性固有的政治品格。另一種解釋趨向是強調序言的政治品性，強調其中宣告的人民主權具有特殊的複合結構，卻因此忽視了這一主權結構本來就帶有時間和進化的維度。只有理解到序言表述的是一種時間化的政治－－法權結構，才能恰當地把握到貫穿我國社會主義憲法史的歷史主義傳統，把握到在其中躍動的活的時間。

There are two deficient interpretations of our Constitution's foreword. The first tends to regard those historical narratives in this foreword as certain kind of philosophy. It legitimizes the Constitution directly by truth of philosophy. However it overlooks the concrete feature of these historical narratives: they are always specified as concrete periods of history. Since the political characteristic of the Constitution develops in the frame of these concrete periods of history, what this first interpretation omits is the political characteristic of a constitution. The second interpretation, correctly emphasizing that the people's sovereignty declared in the foreword has a specific dualistic structure, ignores the inherent dimension of history or evolution in this structure. We have to develop a new kind of interpretation that could take both political character and historical dimension into account. What has been declared in the foreword of our Constitution is exactly a political-legal structure-in-time. Only from this point on can we try to grasp the socialist constitutionalist tradition.