域名系統、網路主權與互聯網治理－－歷史反思及其當代啟示

DNS, Cyber Sovereignty, and Global Internet Governance Historical Reflections and Contemporary Implications

全球互聯網治理的制度框架取決於人們對於互聯網的基本觀念，其核心問題是 主權概念是否適用於網路空間。從互聯網誕生以來，兩種觀念一直相互對立：一種認為互聯網是不受主權管治的獨立空間；另一種認為互聯網治理仍從屬於主權。前者是一直在國際社會流行的觀念。對根域名治理史的梳理顯示，主權國家一直未離開互聯網，因為單一主權國家一直實際控制根域名治理權，且採取了以特定公司為授權主體進行治理的私有化模式。在此模式於近年來受到國際上的質疑後，根域名控制權爭奪已進入傳統國際法和國際政治範圍內。未來互聯網治理取決於兩種互聯網觀念的相互調合，在於平衡個人資訊自由和公共安全秩序。

The institutional framework of global Internet governance depends upon the conception of the Internet, the cardinal question of which is whether traditional conception of sovereignty applies in cyberspace. Since the Internet's birth, two conceptions have been colliding: one holds that the Internet creates an independent space separate from sovereign states; the other holds that Internet governance still follows the logic of state sovereignty. While the former conception is popular, the history of DNS governance suggests otherwise. A single state as the de facto sovereign controls the root of DNS by privatizing the power of managing domain names and addresses. As this model has been criticized heavily in recent years, the struggle for ruling the root has entered the domain of traditional international law and politics. Global Internet governance, then, needs to reconcile the two conceptions of the Internet and balance information freedom and public order.