認真對待“互聯網貿易自由”與“互聯網規制”－－基於WTO協定的體系性考察

Taking Serious towards 'Free Internet Trade' and 'Internet Regulation' A Systematic Reflection from the WTO Agreement

“互聯網自由”與“互聯網規制”是資訊時代的兩項核心議題。在WTO框架下， 互聯網貿易自由包括資訊技術產品貿易自由、服務貿易自由、網路分銷媒介自由以及與貿易相關的資訊自由。然而，互聯網貿易自由並非絕對的。通過對非貿易關切的考量，WTO協定賦予成員方實施互聯網規制措施的權力，其中包括國家安全例外、公共道德與公共秩序例外、個人數據保護例外。根據條約解釋的方法，不同的例外條款具有不同的適用標準與條件。在從網路大國邁向網路強國的過程中，我國應明確互聯網貿易自由的基本價值導向，以此推進“互聯網+＂戰略；同時，作為一個負責任的大國，我國應以符合WTO協定的方式保護網路空間的國家利益、公共利益與個人利益。

The 'Internet Freedom' and 'Internet regulation' are two core legal issues in the information age. In the WTO framework, free Internet trade includes free trade in information technology products, free trade in services, freedom of the media and free flow of trade-related data. Absolutely, free Internet trade is not unlimited. The WTO Agreement stipulates three types of non-trade concerns for domestic regulations, namely, national security exception, public morality and public order exceptions, personal data protection exception. It should be noted that different standards apply to different non-trade concerns under their specific conditions. During the process to promote the 'Internet +' strategy, China could draw on the concept of free Internet trade in the WTO Agreement. Furthermore, as a responsible nation, China shall adopt the measures, which are pursuant to the WTO Agreement, to protect the national security, public order and private interests in cyberspace.