新興傳染病對人類之影響與醫療機構的因應之道

The Impact of Newly Emerging Infectious Diseases on Human Beings and Successive Changes

人類面對未知、不熟悉的新興傳染病時，依舊成受到極大的恐懼。身處 於經質全球化、交通便捷、出國旅遊頻繁的今日，新興傳染病的流行無時無 刻不在伺機而動。本文以2003 年SARS 流行為例，探討新興傳染病對人類之影 響：由歷史看傳染病對人類之危害，及認識新興傳染病談起（含： SARS 爆發 史回顧、對於醫療系統、染病病患、及社會大眾的影響、SARS 衝擊後的省思 與檢討），並提出面對新興傳染病時之防疫與照護重點，包括：政府主管機關 之因應、醫療機構之院內成染控制和針對新興傳染病的流行所造成社會心理 問題之照護。醫療在統及醫護人員或能從中吱取經驗，找到合迪機構及專業 特質的因應方式，有助於將來面對未知新興傳染病再發生時，醫療體系能將 傷害減輕到最低。

Even at this modern age, human beings would still feel frightened when encountering unknown emerging infectious diseases. Due to the heavy economic and tourist activities from countries to countries, emerging infectious diseases have opportunities to spread out anytime. As a result, this study used the 2003 SARS epidemic in Taiwan as an example, and illustrated the impacts of emerging infectious diseases on the medical systems, SARS infected patients, and the public, as well as evaluations on the reactions during the 2003 SARS outbreak, based on historical records and previous research reports. Then, some strategies regarding possible actions held by the government, infection control within medical institutions, delivery of medical services, and providing mental health care, were stated toward a potential epidemic of emerging infectious diseases. The conclusions of this paper might provide some useful approached for medical institutions and health care professionals, when facing the epidemic of unknown emerging infectious diseases. It is hoping that medical systems in Taiwan would effectively decrease the impact of the emerging infectious diseases, when next epidemic comes.