試析清代前期「論詞長短句」論秦觀及其作品

The Analysis of Qin Guan and the Study of Qin Guan Ci in Early Qing Ci-Comment Changduanju

清代為文藝復興之年代，不僅於創作上獲得豐碩成果，更在文學批評上有相當成績。其中韻文式批評成為評論者信手拈來之方式。以詞學評論而言，最夥者包括論詞絕句及論詞長短句兩類，前者近來已有許多學者關注，至於後者則尚待開發整理。翻檢《全清詞．順康卷》、《全清詞．順康卷補編》、《全清詞．雍乾卷》與《清代詩文集彙編》等書可得清代前期涵蓋順治、康熙、雍正、乾隆四朝一百五十餘年間論詞長短句約437家，1,100首作品，資料豐碩，值得探究。本文即從千首論詞長短句中選取以宋詞人秦觀為討論主題者。品評秦觀之九闋長短句中，論者包括宋琬、萬樹、王度、李繼燕、焦袁熹、盛本柟、杜詔與凌廷堪，內容多經由及地遊覽秦氏故里高郵，或曾宿居之處，加以憑弔，進而言及於詞壇之貢獻，或將秦觀與其他詞人進行比較。透過「論詞長短句」評秦觀及其作品，可略窺清代前期詞壇對於秦觀之看法。

In the Qing Dynasty, ci was revived by the poet and many poet had participate creating and criticizing, some part of that created the ci of Commentary ci. It is the important property of ci criticism between ci of Commentary ci, article of Commentary ci including note, ci collection, introductory, conclusion and poem of Commentary ci. Especially ci of Commentary ci and poem of Commentary ci that were by the verse way to discuss the deeds of poet, it is not the lengthy speech because of the length lesson had influenced by the literary style. Ci of the Early Qing Dynasty, the total 1,100 Ci-Comment Changduanju. Cumulative total is very rich. Among them, the discussion of Qin Guan's Ci-Comment Changduanju had eight ci, These writers were Song Wan, Wan Shu, Wang Du, Li Ji-yan, Jiao Yuan-xi, Sheng Ben-nan, Du Chao and Ling Ting-kan. This is a discussion of research Qin Guan ci, the use of the ci in the Qing Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty to understand people's views on Qin Guan.