某醫學中心護理長領導風格之探討

Head Nurses’ Leadership Behavior in a Medical Center

本研究係針對台北市某醫學中心護理長與護理人員，以結構式問卷探討護理長所感受自己的領導風格、護理人員所感受到直屬護理長的領導風格、以及二者間之差異。研究工具以多元領導特性量表（Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, MLQ）測量，使用的統計方法包括描述性統計、t檢定、皮爾森積差相關分析等方法進行。研究結果顯示：1.護理長評估自己的領導風格及護理人員所感受護理長領導風格，最常使用的是轉化型領導，最少採用迴避型領導方式。2.就護理長與護理人員評量結果比較，在轉化型及交易型領導模式評分上，護理長自評結果顯著高於護理人員所感受護理長的領導型態。3.轉化型領導策略評量結果與交易型領導策略評量結果成正相關，顯示常使用轉化型領導策略之護理長同時也常使用交易型領導策略。本研究有助於了解護理長的領導風格，此結果可作為護理長訓練之參考，且可作為後續相關研究之基礎。

The purpose of this study was to explore head nurses’ perception of their own leadership style, employees’ perception of their direct head nurse’s leadership style, and the correlation between both by structural questionnaires for future leadership training programs. The descriptive correlation, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for statistics. Participants were invited from all head nurses and staff nurses employed in a medical center in Taipei, Taiwan. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X). Data were collected from 32 head nurses and 476 staff nurses (return rate 88.9% and 51% respectively). The results indicated: (1) Head nurses displayed the highest behavior in transformational leadership behavior and the lowest in passive-avoidant leadership behavior. (2) In transformational and transactional leadership behaviors and all outcome variances, head nurses’ self-assessment of their own leadership behavior was significantly higher than staff nurses’ perceptions. (3) Based on staff nurses’ perceptions, transformational leadership behavior was positively related to transactional leadership behavior. This research can help find out head nurses’ leadership behavior and the results can be as reference of head nurses’ training and future related researches.