基於語料庫的《一九八四》中譯本譯者翻譯策略考察

A Corpus-based Study of the Translators’ Strategies in the Two Chinese Versions of Nineteen Eighty-Four

本文採用語料庫語言學方法，基於自建語料庫，運用定量和定性相結合的分析方法，對《一九八四》的董樂山譯本（1998）和劉紹銘譯本（2011）的譯者翻譯策略進行研究。首先，本文運用語料庫檢索軟體對兩個譯本的形合度進行宏觀數據統計和定量分析，從而得到兩個譯本在翻譯策略上的差異。其次，以語氣詞、介詞、人稱代詞、量詞和連詞為例，從微觀層面輔以實例來佐證兩個譯本的翻譯策略差異，進行定性分析。最後，試著從社會文化、譯者的翻譯理念和目的等方面來解析兩位譯者迥異翻譯風格的成因。研究發現，兩個譯本彰顯出獨特的風格，董樂山譯本在翻譯策略上異化特徵明顯，而劉紹銘譯本偏向歸化。

This paper adopts a corpus-based approach to comparing and contrasting the translation strategies employed by Dong Leshan (1998) and Lau Shiuming (2011) in their translations of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four. The linguistic features at the hypotactic level are retrieved from the self-constructed translation corpora and analyzed quantitatively. Statistics shows that the two translators differ significantly in the employment of modal particles, prepositions, pronouns, classifi ers and conjunctions. Equivalent textual examples from the two Chinese versions are analyzed qualitatively to illustrate the two translators’ different translation strategies. The reasons for such differences are further discussed from social/cultural perspectives, and also taking into account the translators’ personal ideals regarding the ultimate goal of literary translation. The findings of this study indicate that Dong Leshan tends to adopt a foreignization approach to translation while Lau Shiuming opts for domestication strategies.