論科技成果轉化與產學研合作－－美國《拜杜法》35周年的回顧與展望

On Technology Transfer, Commercialization and University-Industry Collaboration: A Look-Back and Prospect of the U.S. Bayh-Dole Act

2015年是標誌開創美國產學研合作里程碑的《拜杜法》實施的第35周年。中國也在此時實施了自《促進科學技術成果轉化法》通過以來的首次修改，規模相當龐大而且具有重要意義。在整個社會必須走向創新驅動的當頭，究竟要採取怎樣具體的舉措來實現這個目標？他山之石，《拜杜法》的經驗或許正是提供了一個極佳的借鑒與指引。由於許多國家在試圖借鑒這個立法時產生了程度不一的誤會，本文即擬對《拜杜法》的來龍去脈與35年來的績效與隱憂做一個全面性和總體性的回顧、梳理與分析，並與若干國家的類似立法進行比較，也嘗試對最新施行的《促進科學技術成果轉化法》進行點評，並提出對未來產學研合作與創新驅動發展的分析與展望。

2015 marks the 35th anniversary of the Bayh-Dole Act, the U.S. legislation that forever changes how the research from government-sponsored projects are to be conducted, especially in collaboration with the industries, and how the results from such research are to be utilized. In the same year, China for the first time revised, and to a significant scale, the Law on the Promotion of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Results. As China is heading towards an innovationdriven society, what concrete measurements must be undertaken to achieve such a goal? Perhaps the experiences from Bayh-Dole Act and its related regulations provide a much-needed guide. Given that many misunderstandings took place as several nations intend to adopt their respective Bayh-Dole like models, this article intends to offer a comprehensive reviewon how the legislation came about, how it has been performed and what may be in stock for it’s future. This article also provides a comparative analysis on the international out-reach effect of the Bayh-Dole model and, specifically, a critique on the newly revised law in China. The article finally offers analyses and prospects for university-industry collaborations in the future.