俄羅斯國防工業軍轉民介評及啟示

Reflections on Russia’s Experience of Diverting National Defense Technology into Civil Industry Use

冷戰結束後，經濟發展和科技競賽取代軍事競爭，成為各國實力較量的焦點，俄羅斯也分階段採取策略，將國防工業轉軌生產民用產品或軍民兩用產品。在立足本國實際、實施軍民一體化戰略方面，俄羅斯的經驗是值得肯定的，也取得了一定的成效。但是，由於沒有宏觀規劃，缺乏充足的資金支持以及配套的體系化法律制度保障，其教訓也是慘痛的。這些經驗和教訓對我國處理相關問題的啟示意義很大。

With the end of cold war, race for economic development and technology has replaced military competition for weighing the strength of a country. Hence Russia strategically adopts measures to divert the national defense technology partially or wholly into civil industry use. Definitely, Russia achieved a lot by taking measures compatible with the situation in Russia and integrating military use with civil use. However, due to absence of a macro level map, sufficient financial support and corresponding legal regime, Russia has witnessed defeats and failures during the process. China shall learn from Russia while addressing corresponding issues.