行業協會在國家知識產權體制中的地位－－以中美比較為基礎

The Status of Trade Association in National Intellectual Property System: Comparative Research on China and America

20世紀80年代以來，知識產權對於經濟發展的重要性越來越明顯，美國、日本等發達國家一直都致力於採取各種措施加強知識產權創造、運用和保護，已漸成體制。而行業協會是其中非常重要的協調和服務機制。通過中、美對比可以發現，行業協會在具體知識產權功能的發揮上有所不同，這主要取決於不同知識產權的戰略目標設定、產業或企業的需求、與政府的溝通和合作機制等因素。結合當前中國的現實情況，建議：（一）知識產權相關產業的行業協會應內設知識產權部門，提供基礎知識產權服務；（二）行業協會特別提供符合產業特點的知識產權服務；（三）建立行業協會與知識產權行政部門的溝通與合作機制；（四）行業協會制定並實施行業知識產權發展戰略。

As the increasing importance of Intellectual property to economy development, developed countries like America and Japan have been taking various measures to strengthen the creation, protection and operation of IP right, almost composed to be an IP system. Within it, trade association plays a significant role as mechanisms of service and negotiation. By comparative research on trade associations in China and America, we find that specific functions of trade association in one country varied and depend on a handful of factors including overall IP strategy, the need of industry or enterprise, channel between trade association and government. Under the context of China nowadays, we suggest that trade association in IP-related industry should set IP department within it Providing basic IP services; provide special services based on the need of enterprise and the character of the industry; build institutionalized relationship of talking and collaboration between trade association and IP administrative department; Trade association should make and enforce the IP strategy of industry.