專利確權機制研究

Study on China’s Patent Invalidation System

國家創新驅動發展戰略和知識產權強國建設對知識產權工作提出了更高的要求。我國專利確權制度作為知識產權保護環節中的重要內容，還存在程序复雜、審級多、與專利侵權保護程序缺乏制度性銜接等深層次的體制機制性問題。在借鑒美國、日本、德國等專利制度發達國家的先進經驗的基礎上，對專利確權制度中的突出問題進行改革，在法律制度層面上建立“專利無效行政決定作出即公告，關聯侵權案件隨即處理”等制度，加快侵權案件處理的效率；在體制機制層面上確立專利確權行政機構的准司法地位，簡化確權案件的司法審查；設立國家知識產權高級法院，賦予專利確權行政機構重大侵權案件的行政執法權，統一專利確權和侵權案件的處理。

China’s national strategy of Innovation-driven Development and the construction of Intellectual Property Power set higher requirements on Intellectual Property governance. As an important part of IPR protection, China’s Patent Invalidation System still has many problems to be resolved, such as complex procedure, overmuch levels of trial, and lack of coordination between procedures of patent protection and invalidation. Based on the experience of USA, Japan and Germany, China should also reform her patent system and resolve its problems. For example, Courts should hear patent infringement cases right after Patent Reexamination Board (PRB) publish its decision on patent invalidation; PRB should be regarded as Quasi-Judicial Agency; founding IP Supreme Court and authorizing PRB to deal with major patent infringement cases. Such measures could improve the efficiency of IP protection and unify the procedures of both patent infringement and invalidation cases.