德國《著作權法》第八修正案評介－－報刊出版者權：互聯網時代的立法倒退？

Review of the 8th Amendment of the German Copyright Act：Ancillary Copyright for Press Publishers：A Backward Legislation Step in the Era of the Internet?

於2013年8月1日生效的德國《著作權法》第八修正案創設了一項新的鄰接權—報刊出版者權。這項權利是指報刊出版者在報刊產品出版後一年內，對其享有以商業目的進行網絡傳播的專有權，其主要用於對抗以Google為代表的搜索引擎和新聞聚合器在互聯網上免費使用報刊產品的行為。根據德國《著作權法》第八修正案出台的背景、目的、過程、主要內容及其反響，就報刊出版者權的正當性、必要性及權利行使的可能性進行評析。德國《著作權法》此次修改反映了互聯網時代日漸式微的傳統媒體與作為後起之秀的互聯網巨頭之間的利益格局的重新調整。

The 8th amendment of the German Copyright Act, which has been applied since August 1, 2013, created a new type of neighboring rights - ancillary copyright for press publishers. According to this ancillary copyright, press publishers have the exclusive right of press products’ communication to the public for commercial purposes within one year after being published. It’s mainly against search engines such as Google and news aggregators that use press products on the Internet for free. This article introduces the background, the purpose, the legislative and political processes, the main content and the responses to this amendment. It also analyses the legitimacy, the necessities and the implementary possibilities of ancillary copyright for press publishers. This revision of the German Copyright Act relfects a readjustment in the balance of interests between declining traditional media and the rising digital giants in the era of the Internet.