我國新《商標法》背景下商標侵權案件損害賠償的司法適用

Judicial Application of Trademark Infringement Damages under the Background of Implementation of the New Trademark Law

我國現行商標侵權案件的損害賠償存在著判罰數額低，法定賠償被過度適用，商標侵權賠償的酌定情節泛化等問題。在我國新《商標法》出台後，確立了商標侵權案件的損害賠償應堅持四步驟的賠償計算方法，使得法定賠償成為最後的衡量依據。在商標侵權案件的歸責原則上應確立過錯推定原則為主，以過錯責任為輔的二元歸責原則，即在商標損害賠償的歸責原則上以過錯推定責任為依據，在適用商標懲罰性賠償時，適用過錯責任。在懲罰性賠償適用的證明標準方面，應適用比一般民事侵權案件更高的證明標準，以防止權利濫用。最後，在商標損害賠償額的計算和衡量方面，先要對商標的價值進行評估，進而對不同種類的商標適用不同的評估方法。在補償性賠償的基礎上如果侵權人主觀惡意明顯且證據足以達到“清晰且有說服力”的證明標準時便可以適用懲罰性賠償，以最大限度地彌補被侵權人的損失，同時防止侵權人未來侵權行為的發生。

There are some problems in the existing trademark infringement cases, such as the amount of the compensation is low, applied too much legal compensation and discretion of judge is abused. After the implication of the new trademark law, established the damages of trademark infringement cases should stick to the four steps of calculation and the legal compensation became the last measure. In the trademark infringement cases, the principle of presumption of fault should be given priority, accompanying with the principle of fault liability. At the same time, the proof standard of application of the punitive damages should be stricter than other civil tort cases. Lastly, in terms of trademark damages calculation and measure, we must first evaluate the value of the trademark and then apply to different kinds of trademark with different measures. Based on the compensatory damages, if the infringer has obvious malice and achieved the clear and convincing proof standard, the punitive damages could be applied in order to make up for the loses of infringed and deter the infringements which may happen in the future.