人類胚胎的法律地位及胚胎立法的制度構建

The Legal Status of Human Embryo and Recommendations for China’s Legislative Structure

隨著人工生殖技術的發展，體外受精越來越多，而這與傳統的體內受精生殖方式有非常大的差別。同時，胚胎干細胞生物技術的發展也為多種不治之症帶來了福音。這就涉及到了一個根本性的問題，即體外胚胎的法律地位究竟如何？這一問題與胚胎歸屬、繼承權、侵權損害賠償請求權以及能否被應用於科學研究息息相關，不明確胚胎的法律地位，這些問題都不能得到很好的解答。關於胚胎的法律地位，在理論上主要存在三種學說，即主體說、客體說和中間說。通過分析國外立法及比較各種學說，以胚胎為中間體的基礎上，可以就我國未來關於胚胎立法的制度構建提出具體建議。

With the development of artificial reproductive technology, there have been more and more cases of in vitro fertilization, which differs much from the traditional mode of reproduction. Meanwhile, the development of embryonic stem cell biotechnology has also brought gospel for many incurable diseases. However, this phenomenon concerns a fundamental question that what the embryonic legal status is. This question is closely related to the embryonic ownership, inheritance rights, tort damages claim as well as to the question that whether the embryo can be used in scientific research. We must clarify what the embryonic legal status is. Theoretically, there are three main doctrines, namely, subject, object and intermediate. By analyzing and comparing various theories of foreign legislation, there are some specific recommendations for the future legislation on embryo in China on the basis of the doctrine of intermediate.